TOPIC: Addiction – Homelessness Abuse of alcohol, prescription drugs, tobacco, illegal substances.1

Biopsychosocial Population Health Policy Proposal

Kyla Hoag

NURS-FPX6026: Biopsychosocial Concepts for Advanced Nursing Practice 2

Capella University

Kathryn Sheppard

October 5, 2022

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The Homeless Population and Addiction

Disparities in health care continue to exist in the United States despite spending lots of

time and attention addressing this issue. Vulnerable patients can be characterized as those with

increased risk for poor health conditions and difficulty obtaining health care access. Patients may

be considered vulnerable based on their physical abilities, psychological and cognitive status,

and social or ethnic differences. “These patients may face numerous obstacles and barriers when

seeking medical care, including (a) financial constraints, (b) difficulties with communication, (c)

difficulties understanding how to navigate the health care system, and (d) difficulties feeling

welcomed, respected, and safe” (Perry, et. al, 2018, p. 1835).

The homeless is an example of a vulnerable population and they face an assortment of

healthcare challenges, both physical and mental. The homeless population is susceptible to many

physical health related problems such as chronic pain, impaired mobility, impaired hearing or

vision, and obesity. The most common mental or psychological problem the homeless population

faced was post-traumatic stress disorder. “According to the 2013 AHAR, 257,000 people who

were homeless had a severe mental illness or a chronic substance abuse issue” (Mosel, 2022).

Homelessness causes a lack of stability, which can lead to drug addiction. However, people

already battling drug addiction are also at risk of becoming homeless. Homeless people with

mental health issues are at highest risk of addiction because they often self-medicate with street

drugs, and they use substances to numb the pain and stressors that comes with living on the

street. “According to the National Coalition for the Homeless, substance abuse is more prevalent

in people who are homeless than in those who are not” (Mosel, 2022). It can be challenging for

homeless people to stop using substances because they have smaller support networks and

decreased motivation. They also typically do not have easy access to traditional recovery

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programs, detox centers, and rehab programs. It is then crucial to look for a solution that will

allow the homeless populatioRunning head: ANALYSIS OF POSITION PAPERS 1

Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.

Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Populations

Learner’s Name

Capella University

Biopsychosocial Concepts for Advanced Nursing Practice II

Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Populations

October, 2018

ANALYSIS OF POSITION PAPERS 2

Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.

Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Populations

As a group, veterans present a complicated, vulnerable population for the health care

industry. Reports show that more than half of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’ primary

care patients state that they have pain, several of whom report chronic pain. Patients suffering

from chronic pain often have higher levels of medical utilization, more disability claims,

diminished productivity at work, and a poorer quality of life compared to patients who do not

suffer from chronic pain. Further, it has been observed that the latter present with higher rates of

alcohol and substance use disorders (Lovejoy, Dobscha, Turk, Weimer, & Morasco, 2016).

The need for pain management was advocated and discussed in the 1980s and 1990s.

Groups such as the WHO took a stand on how to address pain as a health care issue, particularly

with reference to how cancer and cancer treatment affects patient lives. It was argued that it is

unethical for any patient to be dying in pain, even if the treatment hastens death. This mandate

was initially meant for cancer patients with chronic pain; however, over time, it has been

extended to include chronic noncancer pain as well (Sullivan & Howe, 2013). One of the

treatments recommended at the time was using opioids to manage pain. However, studies have

since confirmed that a significant link exists between prescription opioid treatment and opioid

addiction (Compton, Jones, & Baldwin, 2016; Kolodny, Courtwright, Hwang, Kreiner, Eadie,

Clark, & Alexander, 2015; Volkow & McLellan, 2016). Veterans as a population are particularly

vulnerable in this situation given that many of them deal with both physiological pain and

psychological issues including post-traumatic stress disorder and substance abuse disorder

(Sullivan & Howe, 2013). It is then necessary to look for a solution that allows veterans dealing

with pain to manage it effectively and, further, to regulate and control the use of opioids to

minimize the risk of addiction as well as the potentially dangerous side effects of opioid use.

ANALYSIS OF POSITION PAPERS 3

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Pain Relief Management and the Opioid Crisis

The guidelines issued by the WHO and the Declaration of Montreal · Develop a 4-6 page position summary and an analysis of relevant position papers on a health care issue in a chosen population.
Introduction
Note: Each assessment in this course builds on the work you completed in the previous assessment. Therefore, you must complete the assessments in this course in the order in which they are presented.
Position papers are a method to evaluate the most current evidence and policies related to health care issues. They offer a way for researchers to explore the views of any number of organizations around a topic. This can help you to develop your own position and approach to care around a topic or issue.
This assessment will focus on analyzing position papers about an issue related to addiction, chronicity, emotional and mental health, genetics and genomics, or immunity. Many of these topics are quickly evolving as technology advances, or as we attempt to push past stigmas. For example, technological advances and DNA sequencing provide comprehensive information to allow treatment to become more targeted and effective for the individual. However, as a result, nurses must be able to understand and teach patients about the impact of this information. With this great power comes concerns that patient conditions are protected in an ethical and compassionate manner.
Position papers are a way for individuals, groups, and organizations to express their views and intentions toward a specific issue. In health care, many position papers address specific policies, regulations, or other approaches to care. As a master’s-prepared nurse, you should feel empowered to express and advocate for your own views on policy and care matters. This is especially important when it comes to populations you or your organization cares for that are not receiving the quality, type, or amount of care that they require.
An important skill in creating a position paper or policy proposal is the ability to analyze and synthesize others’ views about the population or issue of interest to you. By synthesizing the positive and negative views of an issue, you can become better equipped to strengthen your own arguments and respond to opposing views in an informed and convincing way.
Professional Context
Position papers are a way for individuals, groups, and organizations to express their views and intentions toward a specific issue. In health care, many position papers address specific policies, regulations, or other approaches to care. As a master’s-prepared nurse, you should feel empowered to express and advocate for your own views on policy and care matters. This is especially important when it comes to populations you or your organization cares for that are not receiving the quality, type, or amount of care that they require.
An important skill in creating a position paper or policy proposal is the ability to analyze and synthesize others’ views about the population or issue of interest to you. By synthesizing the positive and negative views of an i




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