Please see attached – 3 pages
Instructions
Organized crime and gangs have been a part of America’s criminal landscape for over 100 years. Law enforcement combats organized crime and continues to find methods to reduce and eliminate this criminal activity. You will perform research to find current information concerning law enforcement’s efforts to deter, remove, and eliminate organized crime and gang activity. Refer to the CSU Online Library to research this topic before you write your paper. Your research paper should include the information below.
· Provide a definition of organized crime.
· Name and discuss some examples of organized crime activities.
· List and describe three or four criminal organizations operating in the United States. Include member types and activities in the organization.
· Explain the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO) Act, and explain how it has been applied in the past to combat organized crime and gangs. Research two cases involving RICO.
· Provide a summary for each case involving RICO that you found.
· Is this a battle that law enforcement is equipped to win?
· In your opinion, what can be done to reduce and eliminate the organized crime and gang problem in the United States?
Your research paper should be a minimum of three pages in length, not counting the title or reference page. You will include two outside references. One source should be from the CSU Online Library.
Please use APA Style when developing this assignment. In-text citations and references will be required for all sources that are used. Please note that no abstract is needed
DEOGRACIAS
RACE, RECONSTRUCTION, AND THE RICO ACT: USING
THE RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT
ORGANIZATIONS ACT IN PROSECUTIONS AGAINST
WHITE SUPREMACIST ORGANIZATIONS IN AMERICA
CHERIE L. DEOGRACIAS*
Dating back to the practice of slavery in the United States, white
supremacy is an ideology that is deeply and painfully woven into the
fabric of American history.1 Though slavery was abolished over one
hundred and fifty years ago, the underlying problems of racial
discrimination, violence, and tension between white and Black
Americans have transcended the formal abolition of the practice of
slavery after the Civil War.2 Because racial discrimination is so
entrenched in the foundations of American law, culture, politics, and
institutions, many of the battles of racial discrimination stemming from
slavery and the Civil War are still issues we face today. In recent history,
racially motivated public shootings in Charleston, South Carolina;3
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;4 San Diego, California;5 and El Paso, Texas,6
have brought the issue of white supremacy to the forefront of public
discourse.
Racially motivated public shooters are referred to as “lone
wolves” by law enforcement and media.7 The term “lone wolf” suggests
© 2020 Cherie Deogracias
* JD Candidate 2021, University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law. The author
would like to acknowledge, with gratitude, the editors of the Maryland Journal of Race,
Religion, Gender, and Class for their thoughtful feedback and contributions to this Comment.
Many thanks to Sydney Goetz and Kevin Kidwell for their steady support and meticulous
editing throughout the publishing process. The author would like to thank her mother, Cecile
Deogracias, father, Francis Deogracias, and brother Charlie Deogracias, who worked to raise
her and taught her through hard work and determination, anything is possible. Finally, the author
would like to thank Alex Miller, for his patience, support, love, and encouragement throughout
law school.
1 See infra Section III.
2 See infra Section II; see also Devega, infra note 254.
3 See infra note 174.
4 See infra note 175.
5 See infra note 176.
6 See infra note 177.
7 Beau D. Barnes, Confronting the One-Man Wolf Pack: Adapting Law Enforcement and
Prosecution Responses to the Threat of Lone Wolf Terrorism, 92 BOSTON L. REV. 1613, 1614
(2012). To note, the author in this 2012 law review article argues that lone wolves do not pose
a significant threat to the United States and that the “contemporary lone wolf . . . shares only an
DEOGRACIAS
2020] RACE, RECONSTRUCTION, AND THE RICO ACT 307
that white supremacist shooters work alone and for their individual
actions can be directly prosecuted for the racially motivated murders of
innocent lives.8 However, many of them, through manifestos and other
online content, act on a reinforced ideology of members within an online
network of white supremacists.9 Moreover,
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