Read the case Walmart Inventory Shrinkage (a GVV case) below and write a 5-7 page executive summary on the case, including answers to the following questions.
What are the ethical issues in this case, and who is being affected?
What would you do in this situation?
Do you think what Shane did was whistleblowing? Explain what is meant by whistleblowing?
When answering the three questions above, consider the questions that are presented in the case and use those to frame your responses.
Case study write-ups follow proper APA formatting and integrate Chapter 3: Organization Ethics and Corporate Governance (attached). Well written, proper grammar, and follow APA guidelines including references and in-text citations when needed.
The nation’s retailers lost a staggering amount of money in 2016 due to shoplifting, organized crime, internal theft, and other types of inventory shrink.
Inventory shrink totaled $48.9 billion in 2016, up from $45.2 billion the year before, as budget constraints left retail security budgets flat or declining, according to the annual National Retail Security Survey by the National Retail Federation and the University of Florida. The thefts amounted to 1.44% of sales, up from 1.38%.
According to the study,1 which was sponsored by The Retail Equation, 48.8% of retailers surveyed reported increases in inventory shrink, and 16.7% said it remained flat. Shoplifting and organized retail crime accounted for 36.5% of shrink, followed by employee theft/internal (30%), administrative paperwork error (21.3%), and vendor fraud or error (5.4%).
Shoplifting continued to account for the greatest losses of overall shrink. Shoplifting averaged $798.48 per incident, up from $377 in 2015. The rise was partially attributed to retailers allocating smaller budgets for loss prevention, leaving them with fewer security staff to fight theft, the report said.
The average loss due to employee theft per incident was put at $1,922.80, up from $1,233.77 in 2015. The average cost of retail robberies dropped to $5,309.72 from $8,170.17 in 2015, but remained at more than double the $2,464.50 seen in 2014.
For the first time in the survey, retailers were asked about return fraud, reporting an average loss of $1,766.27.
The facts of this case are from the Walmart shrinkage fraud discussed in an article in The Nation on June 11, 2014. “Literary license” has been exercised for the purpose of emphasizing important issues related to organizational ethics at Walmart. Any resemblance to actual people and events is coincidental.2
Shane O’Hara always tried to do the right thing. He was in touch with his values and always tried to act in accordance with them, even when the going got tough. But nothing prepared him for the ordeal he would face as a Walmart veteran and the new store manager in Atomic City, Idaho.
In 2013, Shane was contacted by Jeffrey Cook, the regional manager, and told he was being transferred to the Atomic City store in order to reduce the troubled store’s high rate of “shrinkage” (i.e., theft including shoplifting and employees stealing) to levels deemed acceptable by the company’s senior managers for the region. As a result of fierce competition, profit margins in retail can be razor thin, making shrinkage a potent—sometimes critical—factor in profitability. Historically, Walmart had a relatively low rate of about 0.8% of sales. The industry average was 1%.
Prior to his arrival at the Atomic City store, Shane had heard the store had shrinkage losses as high as $2 million or more—a sizable hit to its bottom line. There had even been talk of closing the store altogether. He knew the pressure was on to keep the store open, save the jobs of 40 people, and cut losses so that the regional manager could earn a bonus. It didn’t hurt that he would qualify for a bonus as well, so long as the shrinkage rate was cut by more than two-thirds.
Shane did what he could to tighten systems and controls. He managed to convince Cook to hire an “asset-protection manager” for the store. The asset-protection program handles shrink, safety, and security at each of its stores. The program worked. Not only did shrinkage decline but other forms of loss, including changing price tags on items of clothing, were significantly reduced.
However, it didn’t seem to be enough to satisfy Cook and top management. During the last days of August 2013, Shane’s annual inventory audit showed a massive reduction in the store’s shrinkage rate that surprised even him: down to less than $80,000 from roughly $800,000 the previous year. He had no explanation for it, but was sure the numbers had been doctored in some way.
During the remainder of 2013, a number of high-level managers departed from the company. Cindy Rondel, the head of Walmart’s Idaho operations, retired; so did her superior, Larry Brooks. Walmart’s regional asset-protection manager for Idaho, who was intimately involved with inventory tracking in the state, was fired as well. Shane wondered if he was next.
Shane decided to contact Cook to discuss his concerns. Cook explained why the shrinkage rate had shrunk so much by passing it off as improper accounting at the Atomic City store that had been corrected. He told Shane that an investigation would begin immediately and he was suspended with pay until it was completed. Shane was in shock. He knew the allegations weren’t true. He sensed he might become the fall guy for the fraud.
Shane managed to discretely talk about his situation with another store manager in the Atomic City area. That manager said she had been the target of a similar investigation the year before. In her case, she had discovered how the fraud was carried out and the numbers were doctored, but she had told no one—until now.
She explained to Shane that the fraud involved simply declaring that missing items were not, in fact, missing. She went on to say you could count clothing items in the store and if the on-hand count was off—as in, you were supposed to have 12 but you only had 10—you could explain that the other 2 were in a bin where clothing had been tried on by customers, not bought, and left in the dressing room, often with creases that had to be cleaned before re-tagging the clothing for sale. So, even though some items may have been stolen, they were still counted as part of inventory. There was little or no shrinkage to account for.
At this point Shane did not know what his next step should be. He needed to protect his good name and reputation. But what steps should he take? That was the question.
Questions
Assume you are in Shane O’Hara’s position. Answer the following questions.
Put on “Your Thinking Cap” and explain how the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act might have helped to detect the fraud.
What anti-fraud controls might have helped detect the fraud. Why?
Assume you are in Shane O’Hara’s position. What would you do next and why? Consider the following in crafting your response.
Who are the stakeholders in this case and what are the ethical issues?
What do you need to say, to whom, and in what sequence?
What are the reasons and rationalizations you are likely to hear in getting your point across?
What is your most powerful and persuasive response to these arguments? To whom should you make them? When and in what context?
Is this a situation where you would seriously consider blowing the whistle since you were suspended with pay? Under what conditions would you blow the whistle and what process might you follow?
Pressure to reduce inventory shrinkage at a Walmart store amidst alleged accounting improprieties and related efforts of the protagonist to voice values.
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Organizational Ethics and
Corporate Governance
Chapter 3
Copyright ©2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Organizational Ethics and Ethical Climate
• Organizational ethics
• Sound moral principles
• Organizational ethical climate
• Moral atmosphere
• Level of ethics practiced within a company
• Determined by leaders
• Critical component
• Shared Values, Beliefs, Goals, and Problem-
solving Mechanisms
• Focuses on issues of right and wrong
Copyright ©2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Ethical Leadership
• Leaders of Good Character
• Possess integrity, courage, and compassion
• Careful and prudent
• Decisions and actions inspire employees to act in an
enhancing way
• Virtues
• Courage, temperance, wisdom, justice, optimism,
integrity, humility, reverence and compassion
• Role Models
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Key Markers of Highly Ethical Organizations
• Humility
• Zero tolerance for individual and collective destructive
behaviors
• Justice
• Integrity
• Trust
• A focus on process
• Structural reinforcement
• Social responsibility
• Values-driven organization that encourages openness,
transparency, and provides supportive environment to voice
values without fear of retribution or retaliation
Copyright ©2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Framework for Understanding Ethical
Decision Making in Business
• Ethical Issue Intensity
• Importance of the issue to the individual, work group and/or
organization (intensity) based on values, beliefs and norms involved
and pressures in the workplace.
• Individual Factors
• Values of individuals
• Organizational and social forces shape behavioral intentions and
decision making
• Organizational Factors
• Organization’s values have a greater influence than a person’s own
values.
• Opportunity
• Conditions that limit or permit ethical or unethical behavior
• Business Ethics Intentions, Behavior, and Evaluations
• Organizational ethical culture is shaped by effective leadership
Copyright ©2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Organizational Influence on Ethical Decision
Making
• The Jones-Hiltebeitel model looks at the role of
one’s personal code of conduct in ethical
behavior within an organization
• Moral intensity
• When one’s personal code is insufficient to
make t
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